Correlation of chronic periodontitis progression and sTREM-1 and E-cadherin salivary levels

Introduction: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) was reported to be up-regulated in various inflammatory diseases as well as in periodontal disease. The important role of E-cadherin against bacterial invasion has already been established in the junctional epithelium. This study aimed to evaluate the potential value of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and E-cadherin as salivary diagnostic markers in patients with progressive chronic periodontitis. Material and method: A total of 79 subjects 41 females and 38 males, divided into 4 groups: healthy group (HG), early generalized chronic periodontitis group (EGP), moderate generalized chronic periodontitis group (MGP) and advanced generalized chronic periodontitis group (AGP), were included in the study. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used for quantification of sTREM-1 and E-cadherin in the saliva samples. Clinical and periodontal parameters were recorded and statistical analysis, using SPSS version 25.0, was performed. Results: Elevated salivary sTREM-1 levels were evident in EGP, MGP and AGP compared to the HG. Statistically significant differences in sTREM-1 concentrations were found between HG and AGP. Salivary E-cadherin was found to be upregulated during the progression of periodontal disease and statistically significant differences were found between HG and MPG. Conclusion: Salivary sTREM-1 may be considered a new biomarker in chronic periodontitis progression. E-cadherin, although detected, does not seem to have diagnostic value at salivary level in chronic adult periodontitis.